Kuyoyonkhe intfutfu yeligwayi, kunevbutsi lobengca tinkhulungwane letisikhombisa futsi letinebungoti emtimbeni we muntfu. Lobunye balobutsi buchumana nemdlacuza lobulalako

Kubhema kuyabulala

Kuliciniso kutsi kubhema kukhulisa ematfuba ekutfola bomdlavuza labayingoti kakhulu. Kubhema kuyingoti kakhulu kubantfu labaphila naletinye tifo. Bantfu labaphila neligciwane leHIV basengotini lephindzeke katsatfu yekubulawa tifo letihambelana nekubhema. Lokumcoka kakhulu kuyekela kubhema, bese lapho kufanele khona sikhutsate kusebentisa letinye tindlela letingasita kwehlisa lizinga lekubhema, letingagcina tente  umuntfu agcine asayekele.

Kubhema kunebungoti etimphilweni tebantfu, ikakhulu e-Africa, lakunebantfu labalinganiselwa ngetulu kwa-70million lababhemako. Eswatini kulinganiselwa kutsi bantfu labangu 737 bayafa njalo ngemnyaka ngenca ngekubhema

The case for Harm Reduction

Tindlela tekunciphisa kubhema tifaka ekhatsi imigimo yekusebenta lehlose kunciphisa bungoti bekubhema emphilweni. Loku kufaka ekhatsi tinsita nemikhicito longayisebentisa esikhudleni seligwayi.

 

Etimakhete sekunemikhicito lemisha bantfu labanyenti  labangayisentisa kutfola iNicotine letfolakala egwayini. Lemikhicito isita tigidzi emhlabeni wonkhe kutsi bayekele kubhema.

 

Lucwaniyo lukhombisa kutsi imikhicito lemisha lesetfolakala etimakethe ayinabo bungoti lobutfolakalo egwayini. Lemikhicito lene Nicotine ifaka ekhatsi loku lokutsiwa ngema vaping devices , ligwayi lellishisiwe nalokutsiwa yi Swedish – style oral srus.

Imikhicito ye Nicotine Lengasiyo Ingoti

Lemikhicito lemisha yetindlela tekubhema ikhomba kutsi iphephile kakhulu kunekubhema ligwayi linjenga lelinjalo. Lemikhicito ifaka ekhatsi: 

  1. Nicotine vaping leyatiwa nge e-cigarette: lendlela lena isebentisa lokutsiwa yi vapour kubhema ligwayi, lokwenta kutsi kuphephe ngoba kute liku lokutsiwa yi tar kanye nemoya loyingito icarbon monoxide. I- vape yakhiwe ngentintfo letintfo letintsatfu , li- battery lekushisisa icoil nobe iatomiser leshisa emanti lashintja abe yintfutfu. Lamanti llatfolakala lapho akhiwe ngetitsako letine letifaka vegetable glycerin (VG) lekhipha ivapour ( umswakama) , propylene glycol (PG) lenetinongo ,nicotine kanye netinongo.

Tinhlangano letitimele letilwa nekubhema, ema NGOs letifaka ekhatsi ASH (Action on Smoking and Health ), Cancer research UK, British Heart Foundation, Royal College of General Practitioners kanye ne Royal College of Psychiatrists tiyavumelana nekusentjentiswa kwema e- cigarettes ngendlela yekusita bantfu kutsi bayekele kubhema. Lucwaningo e-UK lukhomba kutsi lababalelwa ku-54.1% labasebentisa lama e-cigarattes bantfu lesebayekele kubhema ligwayi. Kunesidzingo kutsi luku kwentiwe nase-Africa.

  1. Ligwayi lelishisiwe lelatiwa nngema-Heated Tobacco products: lona ngumkhicito lowakhiwa ngekushisa emacembe elugwayo ngemlilo longengci ku350 degrees celsius, lowanele kukhipha iNicotine kanye nemswakama longasiyo ingoti newulinganiswa nekubhema lugwayi.
  1. Ema-Nicotine Pouches: lawa ngemaphakeshana lanema-vegetable fibres labhicwe ne-Nicotine kanye nekwekunandzisa lokwahlukahlukene. Afakwa emlonyeni emkhatsini kwetindzebe temlomo netinsini, bese inicotine iyatiphumela yona emlonyeni.
  1. Snus: Idvume kakhulu eScandinavia, ikakhulu eSweden nase Norway. Yacanjwa ngeligama laseSweden lesnefu, i-snus. Yakhiwa ngemacembe eligwayi, emanti naswayi. Bese kushumpetelwa emaphepheni lafana newelitiya. Kuye kufakwe phansi kwetindzebe temlomo.
  1. I-Nicotine Replacement Therapy(NRT): ifaka ekhatsi imikhicito lefana nemapheshana (patches), ishugami, ema-lozenges kanye nema-inhalers. I-NRT indlela levumelwe betemphilo kutfola iNicotine ngephandle kwekutsi ubheme, iphindze ivele eluhlweni i-List Of Essential Medicine yeWorld Health Organization.

More information can be obtained from the Global State of Tobacco Harm Reduction website here

Yini Lengakwenta usebentise tindlela tekunciphisa kulima

Lelikhasi ligcile kakhulu kubantfu labaphila neHIV, labahlala nabo kanye netisebenti temphilo kubafundzisa ngetindlela tekunciphisa bungoti bekubhema. I-Eswatini Intergrated HIV Management guidelines ikubeka kucace kutsi wonkhe wonkhe kumele abutwe ngemubhema. Loya lobhemako khutsatwe kutsi ayekele. Kulesinye kweluleka umuntfu kona kodvwa kuyamusita ayekele. Natehlulekile leteluleko, tindlela tekunciphisa kulimala tiye bese tiyasita. Kulelikhasi asiniketi tindlela tekuyekelisa kubhema kepha teluleko letingasebentiswa ekunakeni lababhemako.

Lucwaningo lolwentiwe yi-Global State of Tobacco Harm Reduction lilinganisela kutsi bangu 112 million bantfu labasebentisa imikhicito ye-Nicotine leyite bungoti emhlabeni wonkhe jikelele.

Bufakazi lobuphuma emaveni lamanengi bukhomba kutsi bayandza bantfu labakuyekelako kubhema, sebasebentisa lena imikhicito leyite bungoti. Kufaka ekhatsi nankha emave lalandzelako:

  • Norway: balinganiselwa ku-15% tintfombi letisebentisa i-snus kepha 1% kuphela lobhemako. Lelive linebantfu labasikati labancane kakhulu lababhemako nalicatsaniswa nalamanye emave emhlaba, tintfo takhona tinconota i-snus kuneligwayi.
  • Japan: Kutsengwa kweligwa kwehle ngakunye kulokutsatfu solo kwafika ema-heated tobacco products.
  • Sweden: Linyenti lemadvodza seliyekele kubhema, lisebentisa i-snus. Yingako lelive selineman8ani laphansi etifo letihambela nekubhema ligwayi e-Europe. Emaveni ase-EU iSweden ngiyo yodvwa lefike ku-smoke free status, lokuchaza kutsi balinganiselwa ngaphansi kwa 5% bantfu lababhemako kulelive.
  • Great Britain:

    linyenti lebantfu selisebentisa i-vape esikhundleni sekubhema ligwayi, lena yindlela ledvumile yekuyekela ligwayi. Balinganiselwa ku3.6 million bantfu labasebentisa iVape, kulabo 2.4 million abasalibhembi sanhlobo ligwayi.

  • New Zealand: Kunyuka kwekusetjentiswa kwe-Vape (kusuka ku0.9% webantfu nga2016 kuya ku6.2% nga 2021) kwehlise emanani ebantfu lababhemako kulinganiselwa kusuka ku 14,5% kuya 9,4%.

Tindlela tekunciphisa bungoti tekubhema tingadlala indzima lenkhulu ekunciphiseni kubhema emhlabeni wonkhe kanye nebungoti be-tobacco. Kunikete bantfu emakhambi lamasha kute bayekele kubhema. Labo labangakhoni kuyekela kubhema nobe labangafuni kuyekela i-nicotine batfole tindlela letingasiyo ingoti tekuyitfola.

References:

A large portion of this site has been obtained from the Global State of Tobacco Harm Reduction website. View more publications by GSTHR here

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Patients should be advised to quit smoking. Tobacco harm reduction provides an option to help people who are unable to quit to switch to safer forms and improve quality of life.